The article is devoted to an urgent problem of the economic history of the Far East — the tools for integrating the regional economy into the system of international trade and navigation. The authors focus on projects developed at the end of the Civil War to reanimate the Manchurian transit that proved effective in the pre-war period through the creation of the Grain Exchange in Vladivostok. The article shows the struggle of the exchange committee against attempts to put transit operations under the control of foreign capital. The work is carried out within the framework of a micro-historical approach. It is based on documents of the Vladivostok Stock Exchange Committee from the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that it is important to study both implemented and unfulfilled projects, which make it possible to assess the extent to which Soviet managers used developments from the pre-Soviet period to solve important economic problems.

The study, based on archival documents of the White Army, memoirs and Soviet reports, using historicalreconstructive and comparative methods, for the first time comprehensively analyzes the little-studied volunteer formations of Socialist-Revolutionary orientation (the 1st Russian-Czech Regiment, the Constituent Assembly Battalion, the B. K. Fortunatov Detachment), created in 1918 with the support of the Komuch and the Czechoslovaks. It is established that the initiative to create them came from the Czech command to replenish the front. Despite the revolutionary rhetoric, they demonstrated limited combat effectiveness. Attempts by the Socialist-Revolutionaries to use them against Kolchak's coup failed due to the neutrality of the Czechs and the apolitical nature of the volunteers. In January 1919, the formations were disbanded, which confirms the failure of the “democratic alternative” in the Civil War. The study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of the White armies and the role of political factors in their evolution.

The article is devoted to the main milestones of the Intermovement's socio-political activity in Estonia in 1988–1991. The purpose of the work is to identify the main stages of the activities of the International Workers' Movement and the United Council of Labor Collectives of the Estonian SSR. The objectives are to identify the prerequisites for the emergence, as well as to trace the main activities and program guidelines of the International Workers' Movement and the United Council of Labor Collectives of the Estonian SSR. The author concludes that these organizations arose as a reaction of the national minorities of Estonia to the formation and activities of the Popular Front of the Republic and to extreme nationalist groups, movements and organizations that gained political weight, such as the Estonian National Independence Party and the Citizens' Congress. As a result, the activity of the Inter-Movements did not contribute to stopping the development of nationalism. Moreover, it acted as a determinant for the consolidation of nationalists.

This publication considers the activities of revolutionaries in Omsk in 1914–1917, which are opponents of the First World War. Despite the extensive number of works in the Soviet and post-Soviet historiography about the Siberian Bolsheviks in the pre-revolutionary years, there is no separate study that completely affects the anti-war activity of the opposition forces. This problem is considered mainly fragmented. The basis for developing, built according to the theoretical formula, combining the anthropological approach and the historical and system method, was the materials of the paperwork of the gendarmerie, identified in the funds of the historical archive of the Omsk region, published and unheated memoirs of members of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. The author concludes that despite various difficulties, opposition from the gendarmerie, Omsk revolutionaries devoted a lot of places in their activities of anti-war agitation, although its scale should not be exaggerated.

Studying the influence of one country on a particular region of another state, as well as determining the nature of existing relations, is not a trivial task. The focus of this article is precisely such a plot — the practice of managerial activities of the Soviet part of the Board and Management of the ChineseEastern railway, which is often seen as a manifestation of the imperial nature of the USSR's behavior towards China, and the territory of its presence – Manchuria – as the place of failed Soviet colonization. The study examines the scale of the Soviet presence in the specified region in general and on the road in particular, the attempts made by the USSR to spread communist ideology through the use of the Chinese-Eastern railway and the opposition of the Chinese authorities to this, as well as the main features of the economic policy implemented by the administration of the enterprise. It is concluded whether the road is a conduit for the exploitation of Northern Manchuria in the interests of the Soviet state.

The article examines the process of training marching units for the front in the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Brigade of the Siberian Military District during the Great Patriotic War. The sources of staffing the unit with variable composition in different periods of the war are identified. The organizational structure at the stages of formation and activity of the 6th Reserve Cavalry Regiment and its transformation into the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Brigade is characterized. The features of the organization and content of combat training are shown; attention is focused on its existing shortcomings, and their causes are established. The terms of training, the variable composition of senior and junior military personnel are determined. The volumes and dynamics of training marching reinforcements for cavalry units of the active army in 1941–1944 are shown. The composition of the marching reinforcements trained by the unit during the Great Patriotic War by military rank, age, nationality and its distribution among the fronts is analyzed.

The publication is devoted to the activities of the NKVD of the Amur region (Amur police) during the Great Patriotic War. The work is based on documents and materials from the archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Amur region — the Department of Operational Accounting of Special Funds and Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Amur Region and the Museum of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Amur Region. The research methodology is based on institutional and prosopography approaches. The article reveals the main aspects of the NKVD's activities in the Amur Region to combat crime and maintain public order. The focus is on the biographies of Amur residents who fought on the front lines.

The article examines the work of the political department of the 65th guards Riga Rifle Division of Siberians during the Great Patriotic War. Based on the records of the division's political department and the memoirs of its veterans, the forms and methods of party-political work are identified and analyzed in detail. The study is based on an anthropological approach using systemic, comparative and biographical methods. The author comes to the conclusion about the relevance of the military experience of Soviet partypolitical work for the organization of modern military-political work.

The paper explores a little-studied aspect of Soviet school activities during the Great Patriotic War: the prevention of juvenile neglect. The issue is examined using materials from the Far East. The article characterizes the situation in schools, analyzes the causes and conditions of their unstable operation, and describes the main areas of activity to prevent child neglect. The study is based on sources extracted from federal and regional archives. The methodological framework is an institutional approach. In conclusion, the author resumes that joint efforts of the Soviet leadership, government agencies, organizations, sponsoring enterprises, and the support of party structures, the school education system survived despite all the difficulties. It successfully engaged children in community service, organized extracurricular activities for students, and strengthened their military, sports, and physical education training.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the Historical Logbook Separate Division of armored trains as elementary point for archive search in purposes of historical reconstruction of these little-studied compounds. The logbook of 49 Separate Shepetov division of armored trains is used as example. So it has been established that the Historical Logbook allows reliably define the place of formation of division, which previously remained controversial. The data of military operations of division contain in this Logbook, which have not been described previously. Also in this Logbook contain lists not only command staff of division, but and lists of distinguished fighters and commanders. This fact allows attract award documents for further research. The research has shown that with the Logbook maybe compose the lost of unions with division interacted or who is accountable. And with the Logbook maybe indentify funds with additional information. The information about answers of the construction of armored trains, of military operations since autumn of 1944 and some important details of conducting of military operations at the time described in the Logbook, is insufficient.

The article analyzes the problem of replenishment of qualified personnel in the context of mobilization to the front. The main attention is paid to ways to replenish professional staff: collective farm management; machine operators, including female tractor drivers and combine harvesters; specialists in field breeding and animal husbandry, as well as assistance to the agriculture of the region in harvesting and repairing equipment from the cities and soldiers of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. The conducted research, based on scientific literature, periodicals and unpublished archival materials, allows establishing the solution of the problem of replenishing professional staff at the level of the entire region by the Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks, and more widely by the Agricultural Frame sector and the Regional Land Department, mainly through various professional courses.

The paper investigates some properties of new-Zeno paradoxes. New-Zeno paradoxes are thought experiments whose conditions are set up in terms of Zeno sequences of numbers, i.e. strictly increasing or strictly decreasing denumerable sequences with limits. The paper focuses on the space ship paradox formulated by José Benardete, and some of its varieties formulated by Bas van Fraassen and Pérez Laraudogoitia. It is shown that paradoxes of this sort demonstrate a certain symmetry with respect to predictability and reconstructibility of events under consideration.

The article contains a historical-philosophical review of recent receptions of Cartesian substantial dualism as an approach to solve the mind-body problem. It examines the genesis of Descartes’ dualistic metaphysics, its core arguments (including the modal argument of conceivability), and its characteristic systematic challenges such as the problem of the causal interaction between heterogeneous substances (the so-called ‘scandal of interactionism’). The author considers alternative interpretations of the Descartes’ approach and the Cartesianism: interactionism, occasionalism and concurrentism. Particular attention is paid to the critique of the substance dualism in contemporary debates like the problem of other minds, epistemic asymmetry, mereological arguments, and the thesis of conceptual autonomy of the mental. It is shown that substance dualism, despite its internal contradictions, remains the starting point for most recent dualist and physicalist conceptions of consciousness.

The paper examines the relationship between certain problems in the philosophy of mind. The discussion begins by identifying methodological obstacles in empirical consciousness research: the mereological fallacy and the fallacy of conflating levels of abstraction. Theoretical issues are addressed: the mind-body problem, the unity of consciousness problem, and the binding problem, situating them within a broader context and comparing them with one another. These problems are classified on the types of relations they explain, which are divided into inter-type and intra-type, as well as vertical and horizontal relations. By describing the relationships between these problems, the author demonstrates their close interconnectedness, which precludes treating them in isolation. The pivotal role of the unity of consciousness problem and the binding problem in research on the mind-body problem is highlighted, particularly in the context of the search for neural correlates of consciousness, with an emphasis on the importance of vertical relations. The relevance of this interconnectedness is underscored by the presence of methodological errors. In conclusion, it is argued that the question of the intersection of these problems can impact the formulation of hypotheses and the selection of research directions within the program of identifying neural correlates of consciousness.

The article refers to Gilbert Ryle’s (1900–1976) critical approach to phenomenology as an example of wider topic of analytic and continental philosophy divide. Earlier constructive objections on eidetic intuition, theory of essences, doctrine of intentionality and reduction finally coalesced in Ryle’s total rejection of phenomenology and its universalistic claims. So, it made clear that solving particular puzzles with the method of conceptual analysis is the main feature of analytic philosophy of that time. Such approach should be considered philosophically restricted and insufficient for solving problems posed by phenomenology.

Many researchers, including contemporary ones, disagree on the question of whether Gilbert Ryle actually criticized the works of René Descartes in his book The Concept of Mind (1949). The article reconstructs and analyzes Ryle’s anti-Cartesian positions. It identifies the set of propositions what Ryle counted as the ones of Descartes’ so-called ‘intellectualist legend’. The article provides a comparative analysis of the main propositions of the ‘intellectualist legend’ and the authentic propositions of Descartes’ philosophy. It is demonstrated that Ryle’s criticism was primarily aimed not at Descartes’ writings themselves, and only some of the arguments formulated by Ryle are relevant to the critique of the French philosopher. The article also presents possible responses to these critical arguments based on Descartes’ writings.

The article demonstrates current issues of digital transformation of retail business models. The authors emphasize that digital technologies change business processes, opening up opportunities for optimization and efficiency improvement. Internal (optimization, innovation) and external (competition, consumer expectations, new technologies) factors influencing the transformation are analyzed. Moreover, the authors identify three stages of digital transformation such as adaptation, optimization, restructuring. The advantages of digital business models, such as automation, access to global markets and personalized offers, are substantiated. As a result, the article shows the importance of platform models, subscription services, cloud solutions and VR/AR technologies for the development of retail business in the context of digitalization.

The article articulates an original definition of smart industrialisation as a holistic transformation of manufacturing driven by digital technologies, data and innovation. It synthesises experience with cyberphysical systems and the Industrial Internet of Things in the creation of dynamic digital twins, which enable real-time monitoring and optimisation of production processes. The key acceleration vectors for enterprise smart industrialisation are identified as: the technological vector (deployment of Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and predictive maintenance); the organisational-managerial vector (adoption of Agile methodologies and Lean 4.0); the human-capital and educational vector (continuous training and reskilling); and the ecosystem vector (engagement in public-private partnerships and industry consortia). Major barriers are shown to include high capital expenditures, underdeveloped IT infrastructure, a shortage of qualified specialists and the absence of a unified strategy. To address these challenges, the paper proposes phased «quick-win» projects to demonstrate value, modular modernisation of IT infrastructure and the establishment of digital centres of excellence. It is demonstrated that the integrated implementation of these vectors can markedly shorten time-to-impact, enhance production agility and resilience, and bolster technological sovereignty in global markets.