State regulation of public libraries in Russia in the first half of the XIX century
https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-4-13-18
EDN: CJNQDP
Abstract
The article reveals the content of state regulation of the activities of public libraries in Russia in the first half of the 19th century. It is shown that the government showed interest in involving the public in the development of the cultural life of urban centers, and therefore created relatively comfortable legal conditions and an organizational environment for the work of public libraries.
In the 1830, the authorities tried, using bureaucratic methods, to introduce a public initiative to create public libraries in provincial cities. In response to the proposal of the head of the Free Economic Society P. S. Mordvinova, the Minister of Internal Affairs attracted the heads of regions — governors — to create a kind of library partnership. Local authorities, for their part, had to guarantee legal status to provincial libraries, provide them with organizational assistance, and representatives of the public, for their part, had to accept funding and carry out ongoing library work.
The government established a licensing procedure for opening public libraries, which received legal status and the ability to independently stock book depositories. In an effort to prevent public libraries from becoming centers of anti-government propaganda, the authorities exercised administrative and police supervision over them.
The results of the implementation of the ministerial project turned out to be modest: instead of the planned fifty-two, only twenty-nine public libraries were opened, most of which ceased to exist within 10–15 years. However, the general principles of state regulation of the activities of provincial libraries were extended to all other public libraries in Russia. In the middle of the 19th century, a library boom began in the country, which was caused by numerous public initiatives from below.
About the Author
D. I. Popov
Dostoevsky Omsk State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Popov Dmitry Ivanovich, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of History and Theory of International Relations Department
AuthorID (RSCI): 192070
Omsk
References
1. Abramov K. I. Istoriya bibliotechnogo dela v SSSR [History of librarianship in the USSR]. Moscow, 1980. 352 p. (In Russ.).
2. Biyushkina N. I. Diskriminatsionno-okhranitel’nyye otnosheniya v Rossiyskom gosudarstve v period pravleniya Aleksandra III (s Marta 1881 g. po 1894 g.) [Discriminatoryprotective relations in the Russian state during the reign of Alexander III (from March 1881 to 1894)]. Moscow, 2011. 305 p. (In Russ.).
3. Stroyeva A. A. Praktika tsenzurnogo kontrolya nad bibliotechnymi fondami vo vtoroy polovine XIX–achale XX vv. (po materialam guberniy chernozemnogo tsentra) [Сensorship control over library funds in the second half of the XIX–early XX century (based on the materials of Chernozem provinces in central Russia)] // Bibliosfera. Bibliosphere. 2013. No. 1. P. 31–38. EDN: PVSVXV. (In Russ.).
4. Reyfman P. S. Tsenzura v dorevolyutsionnoy, Sovetskoy i postsovetskoy Rossii. V 2 t. [Censorship in pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. In Vol. 2]. Moscow, 2017. Vol. 1, Issue 3. 305 p. (In Russ.).
5. Fomina A. A. Stanovleniye gosudarstvennoy politiki v oblasti bibliotechnogo dela [The formation of state policy in the field of library science] // Mir Nauki, Kul’tury, Obrazovaniya. The World of Science, Culture, Education. 2014. No. 5 (48). P. 84–87. EDN: TBFMOD. (In Russ.).
6. Zemlyanskiy I. A. Gosudarstvennaya politika v bibliotechnom dele vo vtoroy polovine XIX–nachale XX vv. [Public policy at librarianship during the second half of 19 and the beginning of 20 centuries] // Natsional’naya Assotsiatsiya Uchenykh. National Association of Scientists. 2015. No. 5-6 (10). P. 17–20. EDN: YITMIN. (In Russ.).
7. Rubakin N. A. Etyudy o russkoy chitayushchey publike: fakty, tsifry, nablyudeniya [Sketches about the Russian reading public: facts, figures, observations]. Saint Petersburg, 1895. 246 p. (In Russ.).
8. Georgiyevskiy A. I. K istorii Uchenogo komiteta Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya [On the History of the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Public Education]. Saint Petersburg, 1902. 202 p. (In Russ.).
9. Ocherki Russkoy kul’tury XIX veka. V 6 t. T. 3. Kul’turnyy potentsial obshchestva [Essays on Russian culture of the XIX century. In Vols. 6. Vol. 3. Cultural potential of the society] / Ed. by L. V. Koshman. Moscow, 2001. 640 p. (In Russ.).
10. Khavkina L. B. Biblioteki, ikh organizatsiya i tekhnika [Libraries, their organization and technology]. Saint Petersburg, 1904. 376 p. (In Russ.).
11. Pervaya publichnaya biblioteka Zapadnoy Sibiri. Khronika Tomskoy oblastnoy universal’noy nauchnoy biblioteki im. A. S. Pushkina [The first public Library of Western Siberia. Chronicle of the Tomsk Regional Universal Scientific Library named after A. S. Pushkin] / Comp. O. G. Nikiyenko; ed. by S. S. Bykova, L. V. Cherednikova. 2nd ed. Tomsk, 2020. 227 p. (In Russ.).
12. Matveyev M. Yu. Publichnyye i narodnyye biblioteki v Rossiyskoy imperii v 1850–1860-kh gg. [Public and people’s libraries in the Russian empire in 1850–1860’s] // Vestnik SanktPeterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Kul’tury. Vestnik of Saint-Petersburg State University of Culture. 2012. No. 4 (13). P. 114–121. EDN: PFGQWZ. (In Russ.).
13. F.Ch. Vneshkol’noye obrazovaniye naroda: narodnyye biblioteki i muzei, narodnyye chteniya, deyatel’nost’ obshchestv po narodnomu obrazovaniyu v Rossii i drugikh stranakh [Extracurricular education of the people: public libraries and museums, public readings, activities of public education societies in Russia and other countries] // Severnyy vestnik. Northern Herald. 1894. No. 8. P. 239–259. (In Russ.).
14. Tumanova A. S. Formirovaniye sotsiokul’turnykh i pravovykh osnov dlya obshchestvennoy samoorganizatsii v imperskoy Rossii [Formation of sociocultural and legal foundations for public self-organization in imperial Russia] // Samoorganizatsiya rossiyskoy obshchestvennosti v posledney treti XVIII–nachale XX v. Self-organization of the Russian Public in the last third of the 18th–early 20th Centuries / Ed. by A. S. Tumanova. Moscow, 2011. P. 166–216. (In Russ.).
15. Anufriyev N. P. Pravitel’stvennaya reglamentatsiya obrazovaniya chastnykh obshchestv v Rossii [Government regulation of the formation of public organizations in Russia] // Voprosy Administrativnogo Prava. Administrative Law Issues. Moscow, 1916. Vol. 1. P. 15–44. (In Russ.).
16. Tumanova A. S. Retseptsiya Evropeyskogo prava v formirovanii zakonodatel’nykh osnov funktsionirovaniya obshchestvennykh organizatsiy v Rossiyskoy Imperii [Reception of European law in the formation of the legislative framework for the functioning of public organizations in the Russian Empire] // Grazhdanskoye Obshchestvo v Rossii i za Rubezhom. Civil Society in Russia and Abroad. 2011. No. 1. P. 32–36. EDN: NWFAOP. (In Russ.).
17. Vysochayshe utverzhdennyy Ustav o tsenzure (22 Aprelya 1828 g.) [The Most highly approved Statute of Censorship (April 22, 1828)] // Polnoye Sobraniye Zakonov Rossiyskoy Imperii. The Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. Collection 2nd. Vol. III. 1828. Saint Petersburg, 1830. P. 459–489. [Doc. 1979]. (In Russ.).
18. O peredache gubernskikh bibliotek pod nablyudeniye Ministerstva Narodnogo Prosveshcheniya (29 Maya 1834 g.) [On the transfer of provincial libraries under the supervision of the Ministry of Public Education (May 29, 1834)] // Sbornik Postanovleniy po Ministerstvu Narodnogo Prosveshcheniya. T. 2: Tsarstvovaniye Imperatora Nikolaya I. Collection of resolutions on the Ministry of Public Education. Vol. 2: The Reign of Emperor Nicholas I. 1825–1855. Part One 1825–1839. Saint Petersburg, 1864. Column 573–575. (In Russ.).
Review
For citations:
Popov D.I. State regulation of public libraries in Russia in the first half of the XIX century. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2023;8(4):13-18. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-4-13-18. EDN: CJNQDP
Views:
5
JATS XML
Email this article 